{"id":7872,"date":"2021-05-18T19:30:30","date_gmt":"2021-05-18T22:30:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/?p=7872"},"modified":"2021-05-18T19:37:58","modified_gmt":"2021-05-18T22:37:58","slug":"alexander-fleming","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/alexander-fleming\/","title":{"rendered":"Alexander Fleming"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>Alexander Fleming (1881\u2014 1955) <\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">foi um importante bi\u00f3logo, especialmente famoso pelas relevantes descobertas da penicilina e da prote\u00edna antimicrobiana lisozima.<img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9206\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/por-que-biologos-sao-desvalorizados\/exclusivo-biologo-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/exclusivo-biologo-1.jpg?fit=65%2C80&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"65,80\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"exclusivo-biologo\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;artigo exclusivo www.biologo.com.br&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/exclusivo-biologo-1.jpg?fit=65%2C80&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignright wp-image-9206 size-full\" title=\"artigo exclusivo www.biologo.com.br\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/exclusivo-biologo-1.jpg?resize=65%2C80&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"artigo exclusivo www.biologo.com.br\" width=\"65\" height=\"80\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 24pt; color: #000000;\"><strong>Fleming e a Era dos antibi\u00f3ticos<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; color: #000000;\">18\/5\/2021 ::\u00a0 Por Josu\u00e9 Fontana<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 24pt;\"><strong>O<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0bi\u00f3logo brit\u00e2nico Alexander Fleming tinha largo conhecimento em muitas \u00e1reas da ci\u00eancia. \u00a0Bot\u00e2nico, microbiologista e farmacologista, era tamb\u00e9m a<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">utor de diversas publica\u00e7\u00f5es sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/links-de-bacteriologia\/\">bacteriologia<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/imunologia\/\">imunologia<\/a> e quimioterapia.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9396\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9396\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Fleming-Era-dos-antibioticos.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9396\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/alexander-fleming\/fleming-era-dos-antibioticos\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Fleming-Era-dos-antibioticos.jpg?fit=631%2C351&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"631,351\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Fleming-Era-dos-antibi\u00f3ticos\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Sir Alexander Fleming em seu laborat\u00f3rio&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Sir Alexander Fleming em seu laborat\u00f3rio&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Fleming-Era-dos-antibioticos.jpg?fit=631%2C351&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-9396\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Fleming-Era-dos-antibioticos.jpg?resize=300%2C167&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Alexander Fleming - Era dos antibi\u00f3ticos\" width=\"300\" height=\"167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Fleming-Era-dos-antibioticos.jpg?resize=300%2C167&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Fleming-Era-dos-antibioticos.jpg?w=631&amp;ssl=1 631w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9396\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: #000000;\">Sir Alexander Fleming em seu laborat\u00f3rio<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Mas a descoberta da penicilina por Fleming foi particularmente revolucion\u00e1ria para a medicina moderna, iniciando a assim chamada &#8220;Era dos antibi\u00f3ticos&#8221;.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #0000ff;\">Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 Microbiologia<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #0000ff;\">Fungos patog\u00eanicos<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">Principais descobertas de Alexander Fleming:<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt; color: #800000;\"><strong>Lisozima <span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">ntibi\u00f3ticos<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">No fim de 1921, ele descobriu que uma das placas de \u00e1gar para bact\u00e9rias estava contaminada com bact\u00e9rias do ar. Quando adicionou muco nasal, ele descobriu que o muco inibia o crescimento bacteriano. No teste seguinte, ele usou bact\u00e9rias mantidas em solu\u00e7\u00e3o salina que formaram uma suspens\u00e3o amarela. Dois minutos depois de adicionar muco fresco, a solu\u00e7\u00e3o amarela tornou-se transparente.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_6345\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6345\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/resistencia-bacteriana\/\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"6345\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/resistencia-bacteriana\/resistencia-bacteriana-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Resistencia-bacteriana.jpg?fit=631%2C351&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"631,351\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Resistencia-bacteriana\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Resist\u00eancia bacteriana. Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria causes meningitis.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Streptococcus pneumoniae&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Resistencia-bacteriana.jpg?fit=631%2C351&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-6345 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Resistencia-bacteriana.jpg?resize=300%2C167&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Resist\u00eancia bacteriana\" width=\"300\" height=\"167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Resistencia-bacteriana.jpg?resize=300%2C167&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Resistencia-bacteriana.jpg?w=631&amp;ssl=1 631w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-6345\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/resistencia-bacteriana\/\">Resist\u00eancia bacteriana<\/a>.<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\"><em>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Seguiu os exames usando, cartilagem, sangue, s\u00eamen, fluido de cisto ovariano, pus e clara de ovo, que mostraram que o agente bactericida estava presente em todos. Ele relatou sua descoberta no Clube de Pesquisa M\u00e9dica e na Royal Society, mas n\u00e3o despertou interesse.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Reportando em 1922 no <em><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological<\/span> Sciences<\/em>, Fleming escreveu:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 10pt;\">&#8220;Gostaria de chamar a aten\u00e7\u00e3o para uma subst\u00e2ncia presente nos tecidos e nas secre\u00e7\u00f5es do corpo, que \u00e9 capaz de dissolver rapidamente certas bact\u00e9rias. Como essa subst\u00e2ncia tem propriedades semelhantes \u00e0s dos fermentos, chamei-a de &#8220;Lisozima&#8221;(&#8230;)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/e-coli.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"380\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/microbiologia\/e-coli\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/e-coli.jpg?fit=647%2C432&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"647,432\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Escherichia coli\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Escherichia coli no microsc\u00f3pio, ampliada 10.000 vezes.  by Eric Erbe, colorizada digitalmente por Christopher Poole&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Escherichia coli ampliada 10.000 vezes.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/e-coli.jpg?fit=647%2C432&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-380 size-thumbnail alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/e-coli.jpg?resize=150%2C150&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Microbiologia. Escherichia coli\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/e-coli.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/e-coli.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/e-coli.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Esta foi a primeira descoberta registrada de lisozima. A enzima s\u00f3 foi eficaz contra pequenas contagens de bact\u00e9rias inofensivas e, portanto, tinha pouco potencial terap\u00eautico. Isso indica uma das principais diferen\u00e7as entre bact\u00e9rias patog\u00eanicas e inofensivas. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ele tamb\u00e9m identificou a bact\u00e9ria presente no muco nasal como<em> Micrococcus lysodeikticus<\/em>, dando o nome da esp\u00e9cie. A esp\u00e9cie foi renomeada como <em>Micrococcus luteus<\/em> em 1972. A &#8220;cepa Fleming&#8221; desta bact\u00e9ria tornou-se um modelo em diferentes estudos biol\u00f3gicos. A import\u00e2ncia da lisozima n\u00e3o foi reconhecida, e Fleming estava ciente disso.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Foi apenas no final do s\u00e9culo XX que a verdadeira import\u00e2ncia da descoberta de Fleming na imunologia foi realizada quando a lisozima se tornou a primeira prote\u00edna antimicrobiana descoberta que constitui parte de nossa imunidade inata.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">Penicilina <span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">&#8211; Alexander Fleming e a Era dos antibi\u00f3ticos<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9395\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9395\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Alexander-Fleming.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9395\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/alexander-fleming\/alexander-fleming\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Alexander-Fleming.jpg?fit=631%2C351&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"631,351\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Alexander-Fleming\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Sir Alexander Fleming em seu laborat\u00f3rio em Londres \u2014 Londres, 11 de mar\u00e7o de 1955) foi um bi\u00f3logo, bot\u00e2nico, m\u00e9dico, microbi\u00f3logo e farmacologista brit\u00e2nico.[1][2] Autor de diversos trabalhos sobre bacteriologia, imunologia e quimioterapia, notabilizou-se como o descobridor da prote\u00edna antimicrobiana lisozima, em 1923, e da penicilina, obtida a partir do fungo Penicillium notatum, em 1928, pela qual foi laureado Nobel de Fisiologia ou Medicina em 1945, juntamente com Howard Florey e Ernst Boris Chain&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Sir Alexander Fleming em seu laborat\u00f3rio&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Alexander-Fleming.jpg?fit=631%2C351&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-9395\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Alexander-Fleming.jpg?resize=300%2C167&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Alexander Fleming\" width=\"300\" height=\"167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Alexander-Fleming.jpg?resize=300%2C167&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Alexander-Fleming.jpg?w=631&amp;ssl=1 631w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9395\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: #000000;\">Sir Alexander Fleming olhando uma placa<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Descoberta mais famosa de Alexander, a penicilina foi descoberta em 1928 quando Fleming saiu de f\u00e9rias e esqueceu placas com culturas de microorganismos em seu laborat\u00f3rio. Quando voltou, viu que uma das suas culturas de <em>Staphylococcus<\/em> tinha sido contaminada por um bolor, e em volta das col\u00f4nias n\u00e3o havia mais bact\u00e9rias.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> Ent\u00e3o, Fleming e seu colega, Dr. Pryce, descobriram um fungo do g\u00eanero <em>Penicillium<\/em>, e demonstraram que o mesmo produzia uma subst\u00e2ncia respons\u00e1vel pelo efeito bactericida: a penicilina.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Eles comprovaram as suas qualidades antibi\u00f3ticas em ratos infectados, assim como a sua n\u00e3o-toxicidade. Em 1941, seus efeitos foram demonstrados em humanos. Em 1945, Fleming, Florey e Chain receberam o Pr\u00e9mio Nobel de Medicina por este estudo. A penicilina salvou milhares de vidas de soldados dos aliados na Segunda Guerra Mundial.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Em 1940 conseguiram produzir penicilina com fins terap\u00eauticos em escala industrial, inaugurando uma nova era para a medicina &#8211; a era dos antibi\u00f3ticos. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Fleming morreu em 1955 vitima de um ataque card\u00edaco. Foi enterrado como her\u00f3i nacional na cripta da Catedral de S\u00e3o Paulo, em Londres.<\/span><\/p>\n<h6><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">Links e refer\u00eancias:<\/span><\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"reference-text\" style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: #000000;\"><cite id=\"CITEREFBennettChung2001\" class=\"citation cs2\">Bennett, Joan W; Chung, King-Thom (2001), <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0065216401490137?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&#8220;Alexander Fleming and the discovery of penicillin&#8221;<\/a>,\u00a0<i>Advances in Applied Microbiology<\/i><\/cite><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: #000000;\">Hare, R. (1982).\u00a0<a class=\"external text\" style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1139110\" rel=\"nofollow\">&#8220;New light on the history of penicillin&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<i>Medical History<\/i><\/span><br \/>\n<cite id=\"CITEREFBrown2004\" class=\"citation book cs1\"><\/cite><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/medicine\/1945\/fleming\/biographical\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sir Alexander Fleming Biographical<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Alexander Fleming (1881\u2014 1955) foi um importante bi\u00f3logo, especialmente famoso pelas relevantes descobertas da penicilina e da prote\u00edna antimicrobiana lisozima.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9395,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[17,119,24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7872","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biomedicas","category-bioquimica","category-microbiologia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Alexander Fleming e a Era dos Antibi\u00f3ticos - Microbiologia - Bi\u00f3logo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Alexander Fleming, importante bi\u00f3logo, famoso pelas penicilina e prote\u00edna antimicrobiana lisozima. 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