{"id":7944,"date":"2020-10-13T18:55:06","date_gmt":"2020-10-13T21:55:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/?p=7944"},"modified":"2021-09-17T03:16:10","modified_gmt":"2021-09-17T06:16:10","slug":"tesoura-genetica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/tesoura-genetica\/","title":{"rendered":"Tesoura gen\u00e9tica"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>Tesoura gen\u00e9tica: <\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ferramenta para editar genes leva o Nobel de Qu\u00edmica. O sistema CRISPR-Cas9, desenvolvido pela francesa Emmanuelle Charpentier e a norte-americana <a href=\"https:\/\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/jennifer-doudna\/\">Jennifer Doudna<\/a>, abre caminho para uma infinidade de aplica\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 24pt; color: #000000;\"><strong>A tesoura gen\u00e9tica<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; color: #000000;\">13\/10\/2020:\u00a0 por <strong>Ricardo Zorzetto<\/strong>. \u00a0<span style=\"color: #999999;\"><a style=\"color: #999999;\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CC BY-ND 4.0<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 24pt;\"><strong>C<\/strong><\/span>onsiderada revolucion\u00e1ria, a t\u00e9cnica de edi\u00e7\u00e3o de genes conhecida pela sigla Crispr-Cas9 come\u00e7a a tornar mais pr\u00f3xima da realidade a altera\u00e7\u00e3o ou substitui\u00e7\u00e3o de genes para tratar ou evitar doen\u00e7as. <\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7947\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7947\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Emmanuelle-Charpentier-Jennifer-Doudna.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"7947\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/tesoura-genetica\/emmanuelle-charpentier-jennifer-doudna\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Emmanuelle-Charpentier-Jennifer-Doudna.jpg?fit=631%2C351&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"631,351\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Emmanuelle-Charpentier-Jennifer-Doudna\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Emmanuelle Charpentier e Jennifer Doudna, ganhadores do Pr\u00eamio Nobel de Qu\u00edmica de 2020&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Emmanuelle Charpentier e Jennifer Doudna&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Emmanuelle-Charpentier-Jennifer-Doudna.jpg?fit=631%2C351&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-7947\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Emmanuelle-Charpentier-Jennifer-Doudna.jpg?resize=300%2C167&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Emmanuelle-Charpentier-Jennifer-Doudna.jpg?resize=300%2C167&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Emmanuelle-Charpentier-Jennifer-Doudna.jpg?w=631&amp;ssl=1 631w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7947\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: #000000;\">Emmanuelle Charpentier e <a href=\"https:\/\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/jennifer-doudna\/\">Jennifer Doudna<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">O resultado de seu primeiro uso em seres humanos foi descrito em setembro de 2019 em um artigo na revista<em> New England Journal of Medicine<\/em>. <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">No trabalho, o <a href=\"https:\/\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/imunologia\/\">imunologista<\/a> Deng Hongkui e sua equipe na Universidade de Pequim, na China, relataram um teste pioneiro com um homem de 27 anos que tinha leucemia, c\u00e2ncer causado pela prolifera\u00e7\u00e3o de c\u00e9lulas de defesa imaturas, e era portador de HIV, o v\u00edrus da Aids.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/o-avanco-da-genetica\/\">O avan\u00e7o da gen\u00e9tica<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/historia-da-genetica-brasileira\/\">Hist\u00f3ria da gen\u00e9tica brasileira<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ap\u00f3s controlar as enfermidades com medicamentos, em 2017, os pesquisadores submeteram o paciente a um tratamento inovador. Tanto a leucemia como a infec\u00e7\u00e3o por HIV afetam as mesmas c\u00e9lulas de defesa, os linf\u00f3citos, que atacam organismos invasores e c\u00e9lulas doentes. Como a solu\u00e7\u00e3o envolvia restaurar a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de linf\u00f3citos saud\u00e1veis, os m\u00e9dicos decidiram combater os dois problemas com um transplante especial.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5026\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5026\" style=\"width: 150px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/importancia-da-genetica\/\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5026\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/importancia-da-genetica\/importancia-da-genetica\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Import%C3%A2ncia-da-Gen%C3%A9tica.jpg?fit=631%2C351&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"631,351\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Import\u00e2ncia-da-Gen\u00e9tica\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Import\u00e2ncia da Gen\u00e9tica&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Import\u00e2ncia da Gen\u00e9tica&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Import%C3%A2ncia-da-Gen%C3%A9tica.jpg?fit=631%2C351&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-5026 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Import%C3%A2ncia-da-Gen%C3%A9tica.jpg?resize=150%2C150&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Import\u00e2ncia da Gen\u00e9tica\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Import%C3%A2ncia-da-Gen%C3%A9tica.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Import%C3%A2ncia-da-Gen%C3%A9tica.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Import%C3%A2ncia-da-Gen%C3%A9tica.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5026\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/importancia-da-genetica\/\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Import\u00e2ncia da Gen\u00e9tica<\/span><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Crispr-Cas9<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Retiraram c\u00e9lulas da medula \u00f3ssea de um doador e, antes de transferi-las para o paciente, utilizaram a Crispr para desativar o gene contendo a receita de uma prote\u00edna usada pelo HIV para invadir os linf\u00f3citos. Assim, esperavam restabelecer a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de c\u00e9lulas de defesa sadias e imunes ao v\u00edrus, como ocorreu em 2008 com Timothy Ray Brown, o chamado paciente de Berlim, ap\u00f3s receber a medula de um doador que naturalmente n\u00e3o produzia a prote\u00edna.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">O sucesso foi parcial. Os pesquisadores transplantaram uma mistura de c\u00e9lulas editadas e n\u00e3o editadas (n\u00e3o foi poss\u00edvel fazer a modifica\u00e7\u00e3o em todas). Um ano e meio mais tarde, a leucemia permanecia em remiss\u00e3o e a nova medula continuava a produzir linf\u00f3citos saud\u00e1veis, embora s\u00f3 5% deles apresentassem a altera\u00e7\u00e3o protetora. <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">\u201cO teste foi idealizado para avaliar a seguran\u00e7a e a viabilidade do transplante\u201d, afirmou Deng. <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A experi\u00eancia funcionou como prova de princ\u00edpio e indicou que \u00e9 poss\u00edvel realizar o procedimento, aparentemente sem danos. Antes de avaliar a efic\u00e1cia da estrat\u00e9gia para debelar a infec\u00e7\u00e3o por HIV, por\u00e9m, ser\u00e1 preciso aumentar a efici\u00eancia da edi\u00e7\u00e3o e aprimorar o protocolo de transplante \u2013 o ideal \u00e9 que todos os linf\u00f3citos se tornem imunes ao v\u00edrus. \u201cDecidimos melhorar a t\u00e9cnica antes de tratar outros pacientes\u201d, contou o imunologista.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">O in\u00edcio<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/filogenetica-molecular\/\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"2524\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/filogenetica-molecular\/filogenetica-molecular-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Filogen%C3%A9tica-molecular.jpg?fit=631%2C351&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"631,351\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Filogen\u00e9tica-molecular\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Filogen\u00e9tica molecular&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Samantha Pellegrino,  t\u00e9cnica em Filogen\u00e9tica molecular preparando amostras&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Filogen%C3%A9tica-molecular.jpg?fit=631%2C351&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignright wp-image-2524 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Filogen%C3%A9tica-molecular.jpg?resize=150%2C150&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Filogen\u00e9tica molecular\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Filogen%C3%A9tica-molecular.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Filogen%C3%A9tica-molecular.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Filogen%C3%A9tica-molecular.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A Crispr n\u00e3o \u00e9 a primeira nem a \u00fanica forma de modificar ou inativar genes testada em seres humanos. A ideia de que era poss\u00edvel cortar o material gen\u00e9tico das c\u00e9lulas em pontos espec\u00edficos e alter\u00e1-lo \u2013 inserindo um gene novo ou desativando outro com a\u00e7\u00e3o indesejada \u2013 nasceu com a descoberta de um sistema de defesa de bact\u00e9rias. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Nos anos 1960, os pesquisadores norte-americanos Hamilton Smith e Daniel Nathans (1928-1999) e o su\u00ed\u00e7o Werner Arber identificaram nesses organismos prote\u00ednas chamadas nucleases, que funcionam como tesouras moleculares e cortam em pontos espec\u00edficos o material gen\u00e9tico (DNA) de v\u00edrus invasores. A descoberta rendeu ao trio o Nobel de Medicina de 1978 e levou ao desenvolvimento de estrat\u00e9gias para modificar o DNA das c\u00e9lulas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Duas t\u00e9cnicas propostas nos anos 1990 e 2000 se aproveitavam desse princ\u00edpio: a edi\u00e7\u00e3o com nucleases dedo de zinco (<em>zinc finger nucleases<\/em>, ou ZFN) e a com nucleases efetoras do tipo ativador de transcri\u00e7\u00e3o (<em>transcription activator-like effector nucleases<\/em>, a Talen). Ambas usam uma prote\u00edna artificial, formada da jun\u00e7\u00e3o de duas outras: uma que reconhece o trecho do material gen\u00e9tico e outra que o corta. Elas funcionam de modo preciso e <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/um-engasgo-cientifico\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">est\u00e3o sendo avaliadas em animais e seres humanos<\/a><\/span> \u2013 h\u00e1 uma d\u00fazia de ensaios cl\u00ednicos com a ZFN e metade disso com a Talen. Existe, por\u00e9m, um entrave. Prote\u00ednas s\u00e3o mol\u00e9culas grandes, complexas e dif\u00edceis de se produzir em laborat\u00f3rio. Outra complica\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 que \u00e9 preciso desenhar uma nova prote\u00edna para cada trecho-alvo do DNA.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"7946\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/tesoura-genetica\/attachment\/11\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/11.jpg?fit=631%2C351&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"631,351\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Tesoura gen\u00e9tica\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Tesoura gen\u00e9tica de Emmanuelle Charpentier e Jennifer Doudna. Testes em seres humanos avaliam seguran\u00e7a de t\u00e9cnica que corta e edita o DNA para tratar doen\u00e7as&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/11.jpg?fit=631%2C351&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignright wp-image-7946 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/11.jpg?resize=300%2C167&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Tesoura gen\u00e9tica\" width=\"300\" height=\"167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/11.jpg?resize=300%2C167&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/11.jpg?w=631&amp;ssl=1 631w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>Uma infinidade de aplica\u00e7\u00f5es<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A\u00ed a Crispr leva vantagem. Ela tamb\u00e9m usa uma mol\u00e9cula h\u00edbrida, mas formada por uma prote\u00edna (a Cas) e um RNA, que \u00e9 bem menor e mais simples de ser desenhado em laborat\u00f3rio. Em 2012, a bioqu\u00edmica norte-americana Jennifer Doudna, da Universidade da Calif\u00f3rnia em Berkeley, Estados Unidos, e a geneticista francesa Emmanuelle Charpentier, hoje no Instituto Max Planck, Alemanha, criaram uma vers\u00e3o simplificada do sistema Crispr-Cas e mostraram que funcionava em testes com DNA. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">No ano seguinte, o bioqu\u00edmico sino-americano Feng Zhang, do Instituto Broad, nos Estados Unidos, usou a estrat\u00e9gia para manipular o DNA de c\u00e9lulas humanas. Publicados na revista Science, esses resultados dispararam uma corrida mundial para dominar a t\u00e9cnica \u2013 e uma disputa por direitos de propriedade intelectual entre Berkeley e o Broad.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/o-avanco-da-genetica\/\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"7233\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/o-avanco-da-genetica\/o-avanco-da-genetica\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/O-avanco-da-genetica.jpg?fit=631%2C351&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"631,351\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"O-avanco-da-genetica\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;O avan\u00e7o da gen\u00e9tica no Brasil. Um ambiente favor\u00e1vel \u00e0 gen\u00e9tica. &lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/O-avanco-da-genetica.jpg?fit=631%2C351&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-7233 size-medium alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/O-avanco-da-genetica.jpg?resize=300%2C167&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"O avan\u00e7o da gen\u00e9tica no Brasil\" width=\"300\" height=\"167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/O-avanco-da-genetica.jpg?resize=300%2C167&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/biologo.com.br\/bio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/O-avanco-da-genetica.jpg?w=631&amp;ssl=1 631w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cProduzir sequ\u00eancias curtas de RNA em laborat\u00f3rio \u00e9 banal e barato, o que torna a Crispr mais vers\u00e1til e acess\u00edvel do que qualquer outra t\u00e9cnica de edi\u00e7\u00e3o g\u00eanica\u201d, afirma o geneticista Carlos Menck, da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP). Em parceria com a pesquisadora Clarissa Rocha, da Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo (Unifesp), ele usa a Crispr para identificar genes que tornam as c\u00e9lulas tumorais resistentes aos medicamentos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Por causa da facilidade e da versatilidade, em pouco tempo pesquisadores no mundo todo passaram a testar a Crispr em plantas e animais com os mais variados objetivos, de aprimorar a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de alimentos a criar modelos para estudar doen\u00e7as humanas. Camundongos, ratos, coelhos, porcos, c\u00e3es e macacos j\u00e1 foram alterados geneticamente com a Crispr, muitos de modo pioneiro por pesquisadores na China. Menos de cinco anos ap\u00f3s a publica\u00e7\u00e3o dos artigos na Science, surgiram trabalhos mostrando ser poss\u00edvel corrigir genes defeituosos em embri\u00f5es humanos e come\u00e7aram os tratamentos experimentais em pessoas.<\/span><\/p>\n<h6 class=\"bibliografia\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\"><strong>Artigos cient\u00edficos<\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\n<p class=\"bibliografia\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\">XU, L.\u00a0<em>et al<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1817426\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CRISPR-edited stem cells in a patient with HIV and acute lymphocytic leukemia<\/a>.\u00a0<strong>New England Journal of Medicine<\/strong>. 11 de set. 2019.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\">JINEK, M.\u00a0<em>et al<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/337\/6096\/816\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Programmable Dual-RNA\u2013Guided DNA Endonuclease in Adaptive Bacterial Immunity<\/a>.\u00a0<strong>Science<\/strong>. v. 337, n. 6096, p. 816-21. 17 ago. 2012.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\">CONG, L.\u00a0<em>et al<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/339\/6121\/819\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Multiplex genome engineering using CRISPR\/Cas systems<\/a>.\u00a0<strong>Science<\/strong>. v. 339, n. 6121, p. 819-23. 15 fev. 2013.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\">SCHUH, R. S.\u00a0<em>et al<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0168365918304978\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>In vivo<\/em>\u00a0genome editing of mucopolysaccharidosis I mice using the CRISPR\/Cas9 system<\/a>.\u00a0<strong>Journal of Controlled Release<\/strong>. v. 288, p. 23-33. 28 ago. 2018.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: #000000;\">Fonte: Revista Pesquisa FAPESP: <a style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"A tesoura dos genes\" href=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/a-tesoura-dos-genes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A tesoura dos genes<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tesoura gen\u00e9tica: Ferramenta para editar genes leva o Nobel de Qu\u00edmica. O sistema CRISPR-Cas9, desenvolvido pela francesa Emmanuelle Charpentier e<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7946,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"Tesoura gen\u00e9tica: Ferramenta para editar genes leva o Nobel de Qu\u00edmica. O sistema CRISPR-Cas9, desenvolvido pela francesa Emmanuelle Charpentier e a norte-americana Jennifer Doudna, abre caminho para uma infinidade de aplica\u00e7\u00f5es.","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[17,119,2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7944","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biomedicas","category-bioquimica","category-genetica"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>A Tesoura gen\u00e9tica - Pr\u00eamio Nobel de Qu\u00edmica - Bi\u00f3logo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ferramenta para editar genes leva o Nobel de Qu\u00edmica. 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